Question 1

Each time you turn on the TV, a picture appears.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) fixed-ratio reinforcement 
B) variable-ratio reinforcement 
C) continuous reinforcement 
D) fixed-interval reinforcement 
A) fixed-ratio reinforcement 
B) variable-ratio reinforcement 
C) continuous reinforcement 
D) fixed-interval reinforcement

Question 2

Both a commitment to change and knowledge of change techniques are important for self-modification.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Behaviors that operate on the environment to generate consequences, and are in turn influenced by those consequences, are called:

Accepted Answer

A) behaviors 
B) respondent behaviors 
C) reflexive behavior 
D) operant behaviors 
A) behaviors 
B) respondent behaviors 
C) reflexive behavior 
D) operant behaviors

Question 4

If a response increases in frequency because of its immediate reinforcing consequences, this is known as:

Accepted Answer

A) the direct-acting effects of positive reinforcement 
B) a functional response-reinforcer relationship 
C) the indirect-acting effects of positive reinforcement 
D) natural reinforcement 
A) the direct-acting effects of positive reinforcement 
B) a functional response-reinforcer relationship 
C) the indirect-acting effects of positive reinforcement 
D) natural reinforcement

Question 5

Ingestion of drugs functions as a motivating operation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

A child learns that a small green Volkswagen and a large white limousine are both cars, because they share some common features, even though they are very different in many respects.This represents:

Accepted Answer

A) stimulus generalization due to considerable physical similarity 
B) stimulus generalization due to stimulus equivalence classes 
C) stimulus generalization due to behavioral momentum 
D) stimulus generalization involving a stimulus common-element class 
A) stimulus generalization due to considerable physical similarity 
B) stimulus generalization due to stimulus equivalence classes 
C) stimulus generalization due to behavioral momentum 
D) stimulus generalization involving a stimulus common-element class

Question 7

The terms behavior therapy and cognitive behavior therapy are often used interchangeably.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

On a cumulative graph, a flat line would indicate a zero rate of responding.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The emotion called joy (or happiness)is caused by:

Accepted Answer

A) presentation of aversive stimuli 
B) withdrawal of aversive stimuli 
C) presentation of reinforcers 
D) withdrawal of reinforcers 
A) presentation of aversive stimuli 
B) withdrawal of aversive stimuli 
C) presentation of reinforcers 
D) withdrawal of reinforcers

Question 10

When designing a behavior modification program, the behavior modifier must include strategies to program generality of behavior change.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

If a parent ignores the behavior of a child, that is an example of extinction if:

Accepted Answer

A) the child listens to the parent 
B) the parent's attention was reinforcing the child's behavior 
C) the child is obedient 
D) the child's behavior was annoying to the parent 
A) the child listens to the parent 
B) the parent's attention was reinforcing the child's behavior 
C) the child is obedient 
D) the child's behavior was annoying to the parent

Question 12

Events or conditions that temporarily alter the effectiveness of a reinforcer, and increase the frequency of behavior reinforced by that reinforcer, are called:

Accepted Answer

A) positive reinforcers 
B) direct-acting events 
C) indirect-acting events 
D) motivating operations 
A) positive reinforcers 
B) direct-acting events 
C) indirect-acting events 
D) motivating operations

Question 13

In _________, the end result of the procedure is some new stimulus control of a particular behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) shaping 
B) fading 
C) chaining 
D) prompting 
A) shaping 
B) fading 
C) chaining 
D) prompting

Question 14

A traffic ticket is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) physical punishment 
B) reprimands 
C) time-out 
D) response cost 
A) physical punishment 
B) reprimands 
C) time-out 
D) response cost

Question 15

When a teacher is concerned with decreasing a student's undesirable finger snapping behavior in class, she/he should first identify the IQ of the student.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which of the following is not an example of antecedent control:

Accepted Answer

A) modeling 
B) positive reinforcement 
C) physical guidance 
D) situational inducement 
A) modeling 
B) positive reinforcement 
C) physical guidance 
D) situational inducement

Question 17

An extinction program may fail because:

Accepted Answer

A) spontaneous recovery did not occur 
B) a desirable alternative behavior was not appropriately strengthened 
C) instructions were not given to the client prior to the program 
D) prior to the extinction program, the behavior was on a continuous rather than an intermittent schedule of reinforcement 
A) spontaneous recovery did not occur 
B) a desirable alternative behavior was not appropriately strengthened 
C) instructions were not given to the client prior to the program 
D) prior to the extinction program, the behavior was on a continuous rather than an intermittent schedule of reinforcement

Question 18

When behavior becomes more probable in the presence of one stimulus or situation as a result of having been reinforced in the presence of another stimulus or situation, we say that _____________has occurred.

Accepted Answer

A) stimulus generalization 
B) response generalization 
C) stimulus discrimination 
D) stimulus control 
A) stimulus generalization 
B) response generalization 
C) stimulus discrimination 
D) stimulus control

Question 19

Which of the following is not a sub-area of the application of behavioral principles in health psychology?

Accepted Answer

A) establishing treatment compliance 
B) promotion of healthy living 
C) stress management 
D) psychological testing of personality disorders 
A) establishing treatment compliance 
B) promotion of healthy living 
C) stress management 
D) psychological testing of personality disorders

Question 20

Suppose that an adult has a chronic problem with constipation.During treatment, each morning the adult inserts a suppository, reads the morning paper, and in a few minutes experiences a bowel movement.After a month of this procedure, the bowel movement occurs after reading the paper.In this example, the CS is:

Accepted Answer

A) reading the paper 
B) the bowel movement to the suppository 
C) the suppository 
D) the bowel movement to reading the paper 
A) reading the paper 
B) the bowel movement to the suppository 
C) the suppository 
D) the bowel movement to reading the paper

Exam 31: Shaping and Schedules of Reinforcement: A Comprehensive Guide

Each time you turn on the TV, a picture appears.This is an example of:

Both a commitment to change and knowledge of change techniques are important for self-modification.

Behaviors that operate on the environment to generate consequences, and are in turn influenced by those consequences, are called:

If a response increases in frequency because of its immediate reinforcing consequences, this is known as:

Ingestion of drugs functions as a motivating operation.

A child learns that a small green Volkswagen and a large white limousine are both cars, because they share some common features, even though they are very different in many respects.This represents:

The terms behavior therapy and cognitive behavior therapy are often used interchangeably.

On a cumulative graph, a flat line would indicate a zero rate of responding.

The emotion called joy (or happiness)is caused by:

When designing a behavior modification program, the behavior modifier must include strategies to program generality of behavior change.

If a parent ignores the behavior of a child, that is an example of extinction if:

Events or conditions that temporarily alter the effectiveness of a reinforcer, and increase the frequency of behavior reinforced by that reinforcer, are called:

In _________, the end result of the procedure is some new stimulus control of a particular behavior.

A traffic ticket is an example of:

When a teacher is concerned with decreasing a student's undesirable finger snapping behavior in class, she/he should first identify the IQ of the student.

Which of the following is not an example of antecedent control:

An extinction program may fail because:

When behavior becomes more probable in the presence of one stimulus or situation as a result of having been reinforced in the presence of another stimulus or situation, we say that _____________has occurred.

Which of the following is not a sub-area of the application of behavioral principles in health psychology?

Introduction

Areas of Application: an Overview

Respondent Classical, Pavlovian Conditioning of Reflexive Behavior

Increasing a Behavior With Positive Reinforcement

Increasing Behavior With Conditioned Reinforcement

Decreasing a Behavior With Operant Extinction

Getting a New Behavior to Occur With Shaping

Developing Behavioral Persistence With Schedules of Reinforcement

Responding at the Right Time and Place: Stimulus Discrimination and Stimulus Generalization

Changing the Stimulus Control of a Behavior With Fading

Getting a New Sequence of Behaviors to Occur With Behavior Chaining

Differential Reinforcement Procedures to Decrease Behavior

Decreasing Behavior With Punishment

Establishing Behavior by Escape and Avoidance Conditioning

Respondent and Operant Conditioning Together

Transferring Behavior to New Settings and Making It Last: Generality of Behavior Change

Antecedent Control: Rules and Goals

Antecedent Control: Modeling, Guidance, and Situational Inducement

Antecedent Control: Motivation

Behavioral Assessment: Initial Considerations

Direct Behavioral Assessment: What to Record and How

Doing Behavior Modification Research

Functional Assessment of Problem Behavior

Planning, Applying, and Evaluating a Behavioral Program

Token Economies

Helping an Individual to Develop Self-Control

Approaches to Behavior Therapy: Cognitive Restructuring; Self-Directed Coping Methods; and Mindfulness and Acceptance Procedures

Psychological Disorders Treated by Behavioral and Cognitive Behavioral Therapies

Giving It All Some Perspective: a Brief History

Ethical Issues

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