Question 1

The color of a person's eyes is an example of behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The amount of time it takes until an individual initiates a response after the presentation of a particular stimulus is called the:

Accepted Answer

A) frequency of a response 
B) duration of a response 
C) time-sampling of a response 
D) latency of a response 
A) frequency of a response 
B) duration of a response 
C) time-sampling of a response 
D) latency of a response

Question 3

Consider the following ethical principle: "Psychologists recognize the boundaries of their particular competencies and the limitations of their expertise." To the extent that psychologists practice this ethical guideline, they are illustrating:

Accepted Answer

A) contingency shaped behavior 
B) responsible behavior 
C) moral behavior 
D) rule-governed behavior 
A) contingency shaped behavior 
B) responsible behavior 
C) moral behavior 
D) rule-governed behavior

Question 4

Training in a test situation, varying the training conditions, programming common stimuli, and training sufficient stimulus exemplars are four important aspects of:

Accepted Answer

A) programming stimulus generalization 
B) programming response generalization 
C) programming stimulus discrimination 
D) programming maintenance 
A) programming stimulus generalization 
B) programming response generalization 
C) programming stimulus discrimination 
D) programming maintenance

Question 5

Someone deciding, by privately reviewing the pros and cons of each, whether to watch TV or read a book on a particular occasion is showing respondent thinking.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Susan praises her child for saying "please" before being given a treat and for saying "thank you" after receiving the treat.Susan's procedure exemplifies:

Accepted Answer

A) stimulus discrimination training 
B) extinction 
C) fading 
D) intermittent reinforcement 
A) stimulus discrimination training 
B) extinction 
C) fading 
D) intermittent reinforcement

Question 7

Developing a behavior that comes under the control of natural contingencies of reinforcement so that the behavior will persist after the training contingencies are withdrawn is called:

Accepted Answer

A) recruiting reinforcement 
B) behavioral persistence 
C) behavioral trapping 
D) behavior control 
A) recruiting reinforcement 
B) behavioral persistence 
C) behavioral trapping 
D) behavior control

Question 8

In studies of newborn infants, the eye being touched is a CS for blinking.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which of the following is not a part of the successful program developed by Sobell and Sobell for teaching problem drinkers to drink in moderation?

Accepted Answer

A) use of goal-setting to drink in moderation 
B) control of triggers for drinking 
C) self-monitoring of consequences of drinking behaviors 
D) aversion therapy to make alcohol aversive 
A) use of goal-setting to drink in moderation 
B) control of triggers for drinking 
C) self-monitoring of consequences of drinking behaviors 
D) aversion therapy to make alcohol aversive

Question 10

For someone who has not eaten for several hours, food would be a______- reinforcer, as it is naturally reinforcing in and of itself.

Accepted Answer

A) primary 
B) conditioned 
C) back-up 
D) secondary 
A) primary 
B) conditioned 
C) back-up 
D) secondary

Question 11

Stimulus discrimination and fading are two procedures used to get a desired behavior to occur in the presence of appropriate stimuli.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

A(n)____________design calls for the introduction of the treatment sequentially across two or more behaviors.

Accepted Answer

A) multiple-baseline across behaviors 
B) ABAB 
C) multiple-baseline across treatments 
D) ABAC 
A) multiple-baseline across behaviors 
B) ABAB 
C) multiple-baseline across treatments 
D) ABAC

Question 13

Which of the following is not a strategy to be followed to influence the effectiveness of modelling?

Accepted Answer

A) arrange for peers to be models 
B) arrange for the modelled behavior to be seen to be ineffective 
C) use multiple models 
D) combine modelling with rules 
A) arrange for peers to be models 
B) arrange for the modelled behavior to be seen to be ineffective 
C) use multiple models 
D) combine modelling with rules

Question 14

When an individual desensitizes a fear in real life rather than in his or her own imagination,___________ is being used.

Accepted Answer

A) systematic desensitization 
B) in vivo desensitization 
C) covert sensitization 
D) participant modeling 
A) systematic desensitization 
B) in vivo desensitization 
C) covert sensitization 
D) participant modeling

Question 15

The amount of a particular behavior refers to either its frequency or its intensity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Questionnaires, client self-monitoring, role-playing, information from consulting professionals, and interviews with the client and significant others are the main types of ____________assessment procedures.

Accepted Answer

A) psychological 
B) indirect 
C) psychodiagnostic 
D) direct 
A) psychological 
B) indirect 
C) psychodiagnostic 
D) direct

Question 17

One difference between Meichenbaum's self-instructional approach and Ellis's RET is that Ellis's approach emphasizes coping with negative emotions rather than completely eliminating them.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The way that you learn to express an emotion is influenced by:

Accepted Answer

A) avoidance conditioning 
B) respondent conditioning 
C) operant conditioning 
D) escape conditioning 
A) avoidance conditioning 
B) respondent conditioning 
C) operant conditioning 
D) escape conditioning

Question 19

A strategy for manipulating consequences in a self-control program is to eliminate certain reinforcers that may inadvertently strengthen an undesirable behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

It is advantageous to establish stimulus control without errors because errors
consume valuable time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 31: Shaping and Schedules of Reinforcement: A Comprehensive Guide

The color of a person's eyes is an example of behavior.

The amount of time it takes until an individual initiates a response after the presentation of a particular stimulus is called the:

Consider the following ethical principle: "Psychologists recognize the boundaries of their particular competencies and the limitations of their expertise." To the extent that psychologists practice this ethical guideline, they are illustrating:

Training in a test situation, varying the training conditions, programming common stimuli, and training sufficient stimulus exemplars are four important aspects of:

Someone deciding, by privately reviewing the pros and cons of each, whether to watch TV or read a book on a particular occasion is showing respondent thinking.

Susan praises her child for saying "please" before being given a treat and for saying "thank you" after receiving the treat.Susan's procedure exemplifies:

Developing a behavior that comes under the control of natural contingencies of reinforcement so that the behavior will persist after the training contingencies are withdrawn is called:

In studies of newborn infants, the eye being touched is a CS for blinking.

Which of the following is not a part of the successful program developed by Sobell and Sobell for teaching problem drinkers to drink in moderation?

For someone who has not eaten for several hours, food would be a______- reinforcer, as it is naturally reinforcing in and of itself.

Stimulus discrimination and fading are two procedures used to get a desired behavior to occur in the presence of appropriate stimuli.

A(n)____________design calls for the introduction of the treatment sequentially across two or more behaviors.

Which of the following is not a strategy to be followed to influence the effectiveness of modelling?

When an individual desensitizes a fear in real life rather than in his or her own imagination,___________ is being used.

The amount of a particular behavior refers to either its frequency or its intensity.

Questionnaires, client self-monitoring, role-playing, information from consulting professionals, and interviews with the client and significant others are the main types of ____________assessment procedures.

One difference between Meichenbaum's self-instructional approach and Ellis's RET is that Ellis's approach emphasizes coping with negative emotions rather than completely eliminating them.

The way that you learn to express an emotion is influenced by:

A strategy for manipulating consequences in a self-control program is to eliminate certain reinforcers that may inadvertently strengthen an undesirable behavior.

It is advantageous to establish stimulus control without errors because errors consume valuable time.

Introduction

Areas of Application: an Overview

Respondent Classical, Pavlovian Conditioning of Reflexive Behavior

Increasing a Behavior With Positive Reinforcement

Increasing Behavior With Conditioned Reinforcement

Decreasing a Behavior With Operant Extinction

Getting a New Behavior to Occur With Shaping

Developing Behavioral Persistence With Schedules of Reinforcement

Responding at the Right Time and Place: Stimulus Discrimination and Stimulus Generalization

Changing the Stimulus Control of a Behavior With Fading

Getting a New Sequence of Behaviors to Occur With Behavior Chaining

Differential Reinforcement Procedures to Decrease Behavior

Decreasing Behavior With Punishment

Establishing Behavior by Escape and Avoidance Conditioning

Respondent and Operant Conditioning Together

Transferring Behavior to New Settings and Making It Last: Generality of Behavior Change

Antecedent Control: Rules and Goals

Antecedent Control: Modeling, Guidance, and Situational Inducement

Antecedent Control: Motivation

Behavioral Assessment: Initial Considerations

Direct Behavioral Assessment: What to Record and How

Doing Behavior Modification Research

Functional Assessment of Problem Behavior

Planning, Applying, and Evaluating a Behavioral Program

Token Economies

Helping an Individual to Develop Self-Control

Approaches to Behavior Therapy: Cognitive Restructuring; Self-Directed Coping Methods; and Mindfulness and Acceptance Procedures

Psychological Disorders Treated by Behavioral and Cognitive Behavioral Therapies

Giving It All Some Perspective: a Brief History

Ethical Issues

Filters