Exam 31: Shaping and Schedules of Reinforcement: A Comprehensive Guide

For a number of reasons, the decision as to whether or not you should accept the responsibility of designing a behavioral program might be influenced, in part, by whether or not you live in an urban or a rural setting.

Behavior modification has been successfully applied within each of the following areas: education, social work, rehabilitation medicine, industry, and sports.

Self-monitoring, cognitive restructuring, and reducing eating rate are all major components of contemporary strategies for treating obesity.

When a behavior must occur before a reinforcer will be presented, we say that the reinforcer is contingent upon that behavior.

When observing an undesirable behavior prior to introducing an extinction program, you would take into account:

Sport-specific behavioral checklists, like traditional psychological tests, have norms.

For children who suffer from enuresis (chronic bedwetting), the pressure from a full bladder when the child is asleep is not sufficient to cause the child to awaken.An apparatus is wired to the child's bed such that when the child urinates during the night, a tone sounds to awaken the child.Eventually the child learns to awaken to pressure on the bladder, and can then urinate in the toilet.In this example, the CR is:

The baseline phase of the reversal-replication design should continue until the pattern of performance is ____________or until it shows a trend in the direction ____________that predicted when treatment is introduced.

The principle of positive reinforcement states that:

Food deprivation is a type of motivating operation.

Many people play racquetball without wearing protective goggles.This is because:

Suppose that a child is typically noncompliant when asked to do a particular task.The teacher therefore asks the child to perform three tasks in succession that the child likes to do, and then asks the child to perform the task on which he is noncompliant.As a result of this procedure, the child performs all four tasks.This illustrates:

If teaching a child to say "dog" in the presence of a small brown dog increases the chances that the child will also say "dog" to small black dogs and large white dogs, we say that______ has occurred.

A behavior change is likely due to indirect acting effects of positive reinforcement if the behavior that is measured shows some increase in strength prior to the first occurrence of the consequence.

A problem behavior consistently occurs in a certain situation or in the presence of certain stimuli, and is never followed by any clearly identifiable consequence.These are indicators that the problem behavior is:

Behavior modifiers must confine themselves to a small number of methods that are appropriate only for very simple behavior problems.

On a(n)___________schedule of reinforcement, a reinforcer is presented if a specified period of time passes and a particular behavior does not occur during that time.

To stop drinking, an alcoholic surrounds himself with members of Alcoholics Anonymous and stops seeing his old drinking buddies.This is an example of symbolic modeling.

Why do individuals reinforce the undesirable behavior of others?

A behavior is likely to extinguish very slowly if: