Question 1

The main advantage of direct assessment procedures over indirect assessment procedures is that the former:

Accepted Answer

A) are cheaper 
B) can be used to provide information about covert behaviors 
C) are convenient 
D) are likely to be more accurate 
A) are cheaper 
B) can be used to provide information about covert behaviors 
C) are convenient 
D) are likely to be more accurate

Question 2

Who developed rational-emotive behavior therapy?

Accepted Answer

A) Aaron Beck 
B) Donald Meichenbaum 
C) Albert Bandura 
D) Albert Ellis 
A) Aaron Beck 
B) Donald Meichenbaum 
C) Albert Bandura 
D) Albert Ellis

Question 3

At home, checking the clothes dryer for dry clothes will eventually be reinforced by the clothes being dry.This would be an approximation of a _________schedule.

Accepted Answer

A) fixed-ratio 
B) variable-interval 
C) variable-interval-with-limited-hold 
D) variable-duration 
A) fixed-ratio 
B) variable-interval 
C) variable-interval-with-limited-hold 
D) variable-duration

Question 4

A sequence of SDs and Rs in which each R produces the SD for the next R with the entire sequence followed by a reinforcer is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A) a behavioral chain 
B) shaping 
C) fading 
D) stimulus discrimination training 
A) a behavioral chain 
B) shaping 
C) fading 
D) stimulus discrimination training

Question 5

Which of the following is not an advantage of establishing stimulus control without errors?

Accepted Answer

A) Errors consume valuable time. 
B) If an error occurs once, it tends to occur many times even though it is being extinguished. 
C) Establishing a mastery criterion without errors leads to increased generalization. 
D) The absence of reinforcement when errors are being extinguished often produces emotional side effects. 
A) Errors consume valuable time. 
B) If an error occurs once, it tends to occur many times even though it is being extinguished. 
C) Establishing a mastery criterion without errors leads to increased generalization. 
D) The absence of reinforcement when errors are being extinguished often produces emotional side effects.

Question 6

The presentation of fear-producing stimuli with a head-mounted display that provides a computer generated view of stimuli is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A) in vivo therapy 
B) virtual reality therapy 
C) computer therapy 
D) technology therapy 
A) in vivo therapy 
B) virtual reality therapy 
C) computer therapy 
D) technology therapy

Question 7

The behavioral view of motivation conceptualizes motivation as some "thing" within us that causes our actions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The principle of punishment states: If, in a given situation, somebody does something that is immediately followed by the withdrawal of a punisher, then that person is less likely to do the same thing again when he or she next encounters a similar situation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Eysenck criticized traditional Freudian psychoanalytical treatments, advocated behavior therapy procedures as an alternative, and he helped popularize systematic desensitization..

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which of the following behaviors is not a tactic for programming behavior maintenance?

Accepted Answer

A) varying the acceptable behaviors during training to increase the probability of a variety of behaviors occurring in the test situation 
B) teaching people in the natural environment to maintain the target behavior of the subject; 
C) deliberately reinforcing the target behavior in the test situation on an intermittent schedule of reinforcement 
D) ensuring that the target behavior comes under the control of reinforcers in the natural environment 
A) varying the acceptable behaviors during training to increase the probability of a variety of behaviors occurring in the test situation 
B) teaching people in the natural environment to maintain the target behavior of the subject; 
C) deliberately reinforcing the target behavior in the test situation on an intermittent schedule of reinforcement 
D) ensuring that the target behavior comes under the control of reinforcers in the natural environment

Question 11

A positive reinforcer is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A) an event which, when presented immediately following a behavior, causes the behavior to decrease in frequency 
B) an event which is preferred by a subject 
C) an event which the subject finds rewarding 
D) an event which, when presented immediately following a behavior, causes the behavior to increase in frequency 
A) an event which, when presented immediately following a behavior, causes the behavior to decrease in frequency 
B) an event which is preferred by a subject 
C) an event which the subject finds rewarding 
D) an event which, when presented immediately following a behavior, causes the behavior to increase in frequency

Question 12

Removing the individual for a short time from the situation in which reinforcement is occurring is classified as:

Accepted Answer

A) non-exclusionary time-out 
B) response cost 
C) exclusionary time-out 
D) negative reinforcement 
A) non-exclusionary time-out 
B) response cost 
C) exclusionary time-out 
D) negative reinforcement

Question 13

Placing a child in a relatively barren room for a brief period of time is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) physical punishment 
B) reprimands 
C) time-out 
D) response cost 
A) physical punishment 
B) reprimands 
C) time-out 
D) response cost

Question 14

Withdrawal of reinforcers causes the emotion called anger.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which of the following is not one of the scientific criteria used to evaluate whether or not a treatment was responsible for producing a reliable effect on the dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

A) the immediacy of an observed effect 
B) the size of an observed effect 
C) the extent to which an observed effect is socially validated 
D) the number of times that an effect is replicated 
A) the immediacy of an observed effect 
B) the size of an observed effect 
C) the extent to which an observed effect is socially validated 
D) the number of times that an effect is replicated

Question 16

The response chosen in a concurrent schedule depends on:

Accepted Answer

A) the relative immediacy of reinforcement 
B) the relative magnitude of reinforcement 
C) the relative response effort 
D) all of the above 
A) the relative immediacy of reinforcement 
B) the relative magnitude of reinforcement 
C) the relative response effort 
D) all of the above

Question 17

After many interruptions while trying to write the behavior modification text at the university, Martin and Pear began working at one of their homes.Which category of situational inducement did they apply?

Accepted Answer

A) relocate people 
B) rearrange the existing surroundings 
C) move the activity to a new location 
D) change the time of the activity 
A) relocate people 
B) rearrange the existing surroundings 
C) move the activity to a new location 
D) change the time of the activity

Question 18

In behavior modification, the term "environment" refers to:

Accepted Answer

A) the neighborhood in which a person is raised 
B) the natural habitat of an organism 
C) the specific physical variables in one's immediate surroundings 
D) the general situation where one happens to be 
A) the neighborhood in which a person is raised 
B) the natural habitat of an organism 
C) the specific physical variables in one's immediate surroundings 
D) the general situation where one happens to be

Question 19

You pour a cup of coffee.You add sugar and then cream.You stir the coffee and then take a sip.The taste of the coffee with the cream and sugar is the reinforcer.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) fading 
B) shaping 
C) a stimulus discrimination 
D) a stimulus-response chain 
A) fading 
B) shaping 
C) a stimulus discrimination 
D) a stimulus-response chain

Question 20

Remembering the feelings of your first kiss is an example of overt behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 31: Shaping and Schedules of Reinforcement: A Comprehensive Guide

The main advantage of direct assessment procedures over indirect assessment procedures is that the former:

Who developed rational-emotive behavior therapy?

At home, checking the clothes dryer for dry clothes will eventually be reinforced by the clothes being dry.This would be an approximation of a _________schedule.

A sequence of SDs and Rs in which each R produces the SD for the next R with the entire sequence followed by a reinforcer is referred to as:

Which of the following is not an advantage of establishing stimulus control without errors?

The presentation of fear-producing stimuli with a head-mounted display that provides a computer generated view of stimuli is referred to as:

The behavioral view of motivation conceptualizes motivation as some "thing" within us that causes our actions.

The principle of punishment states: If, in a given situation, somebody does something that is immediately followed by the withdrawal of a punisher, then that person is less likely to do the same thing again when he or she next encounters a similar situation.

Eysenck criticized traditional Freudian psychoanalytical treatments, advocated behavior therapy procedures as an alternative, and he helped popularize systematic desensitization..

Which of the following behaviors is not a tactic for programming behavior maintenance?

A positive reinforcer is defined as:

Removing the individual for a short time from the situation in which reinforcement is occurring is classified as:

Placing a child in a relatively barren room for a brief period of time is an example of:

Withdrawal of reinforcers causes the emotion called anger.

Which of the following is not one of the scientific criteria used to evaluate whether or not a treatment was responsible for producing a reliable effect on the dependent variable?

The response chosen in a concurrent schedule depends on:

After many interruptions while trying to write the behavior modification text at the university, Martin and Pear began working at one of their homes.Which category of situational inducement did they apply?

In behavior modification, the term "environment" refers to:

You pour a cup of coffee.You add sugar and then cream.You stir the coffee and then take a sip.The taste of the coffee with the cream and sugar is the reinforcer.This is an example of:

Remembering the feelings of your first kiss is an example of overt behavior.

Introduction

Areas of Application: an Overview

Respondent Classical, Pavlovian Conditioning of Reflexive Behavior

Increasing a Behavior With Positive Reinforcement

Increasing Behavior With Conditioned Reinforcement

Decreasing a Behavior With Operant Extinction

Getting a New Behavior to Occur With Shaping

Developing Behavioral Persistence With Schedules of Reinforcement

Responding at the Right Time and Place: Stimulus Discrimination and Stimulus Generalization

Changing the Stimulus Control of a Behavior With Fading

Getting a New Sequence of Behaviors to Occur With Behavior Chaining

Differential Reinforcement Procedures to Decrease Behavior

Decreasing Behavior With Punishment

Establishing Behavior by Escape and Avoidance Conditioning

Respondent and Operant Conditioning Together

Transferring Behavior to New Settings and Making It Last: Generality of Behavior Change

Antecedent Control: Rules and Goals

Antecedent Control: Modeling, Guidance, and Situational Inducement

Antecedent Control: Motivation

Behavioral Assessment: Initial Considerations

Direct Behavioral Assessment: What to Record and How

Doing Behavior Modification Research

Functional Assessment of Problem Behavior

Planning, Applying, and Evaluating a Behavioral Program

Token Economies

Helping an Individual to Develop Self-Control

Approaches to Behavior Therapy: Cognitive Restructuring; Self-Directed Coping Methods; and Mindfulness and Acceptance Procedures

Psychological Disorders Treated by Behavioral and Cognitive Behavioral Therapies

Giving It All Some Perspective: a Brief History

Ethical Issues

Filters