Exam 31: Shaping and Schedules of Reinforcement: A Comprehensive Guide

Schedules of reinforcement can help us in understanding the causes of pathological gambling that some might attribute to "inner compulsions."

A persistent fear of heights is referred to as a(n):

Thinking in absolute terms, such as assuming that one is a failure for getting any grade less than an "A," is an example of what Beck called:

Conditioned reinforcers that can be accumulated and exchanged for other reinforcers are called:

It is possible to demonstrate that a neutral stimulus like saccharine can be conditioned to suppress immune system functioning through Pavlovian conditioning procedures.

A child comes home from school and is hungry.The parent tells the child that there are fresh cookies in the cupboard, and the child can have one.This instruction from the parent is an example of a(n):

As a result of learning to match a golf ball to a golf club, and a golf club to a golf bag, a child is now able to match a golf bag to a golf ball without specific training to do so.In this example, the golf ball, the golf club, and the golf bag constitute a(n):

The child hears the bell (which rings continuously)of an ice cream wagon, goes out to the street and buys ice cream, bites the ice cream, and salivates.The sound of the bell will become a(n)for the response of salivation.

A fixed-duration schedule would be a very good schedule for reinforcing study behavior.

A behavior that has been gradually strengthened by the direct-acting effects of reinforcement is said to be:

In a reversal-replication design, two replications of each phase are necessary to draw a valid conclusion.

The intensity of a response refers to the physical effect the response has on the environment.

Giving a person salty foods, or depriving that person of water are examples of:

When selecting SDs in a behavior modification program, it is important for the behavior modifier to select stimuli that are similar to other stimuli on more than one dimension.

Which of the following is not one of the steps in a self-control program?

Many of the early reports of experiments in the operant tradition in the 1950s demonstrated that consequences influence human behavior.

Cognitive behavior is another term for overt behavior.

A stimulus that elicits a response without prior learning is called an unconditioned stimulus.

To avoid problems associated with labeling, in the case of autism, for example, we should describe the client as an autistic child rather than as a child with autism.

When would one select a continuous recording system over an interval recording system?