Exam 31: Shaping and Schedules of Reinforcement: A Comprehensive Guide

The authors recommend backward chaining as the preferred chaining procedure because it appears to focus on teaching response topography and response sequence simultaneously.

Contextual control refers to a situation where a single stimulus controls a single response in all settings or contexts.

Reinforcement is given at the end of a session, provided that the number of responses during that session do not exceed some specified limit.This is the definition of:

The term ____________involves influencing a particular behavior by using situations and occasions that already exert control over the behavior.

Which of the following is not likely to influence the effectiveness of modeling as a behavior modification technique?

When reinforcement occurs after the behavior has been engaged in for a continuous period of time, where the specified time varies around some mean value, there is a(n)schedule in effect.

After Susie appeared to display frequent tantrums that usually led to adult attention, the treatment program involved giving Susie adult attention once every 30 seconds regardless of Susie's behavior.This treatment program would be referred to as:

In classroom mini-economies, teachers use play money to teach children basic principles of economics and personal finances.

A procedure for overcoming a simple phobia that tries to get the client into the presence of the feared stimulus very early during therapy, and to maintain exposure for long periods of time, is referred to as:

A child's response "juice" to a parent's question "What do you want?" is an example of an intraverbal.

Research shows that, although the smell and taste that occurs while smoking cigarettes are paired with the reinforcing effects of nicotine in the bloodstream, the smell and taste of cigarettes do not become conditioned reinforcers for regular smokers.

All social help professions are involved in the control of behavior.

The topography of a behavior typically tells us a lot about the controlling variables of that behavior.

A limitation of the multiple-baseline across situations design is that the subjects may influence each other prior to treatment.

Which of the following is not a misconception about behavior modification?

In escape conditioning, the aversive stimulus is not present prior to the occurrence of the response, and the response prevents (or postpones)the aversive stimulus rather than removing it.

One of the areas of health psychology involves the use of behavior modification procedures to directly treat certain diseases that were previously thought to require medical treatment.

At a restaurant, a child asks his parents for an extra dessert.The parents say no.The child begins to cry, and the parents then buy the child the extra dessert.In this instance, the child's crying behavior has been influenced by:

Introducing into the situation a stimulus associated with less reinforcement is referred to as:

Baseline data are collected on the name calling, swearing, and spitting behavior of a child towards other children.A treatment program is then introduced sequentially on the name calling behavior, then the swearing behavior, and finally the spitting behavior.This is a(n) ____________design: