Question 1

Unprogrammed reinforcers that occur in the normal course of everyday living are called:

Accepted Answer

A) natural reinforcers 
B) arbitrary reinforcers 
C) contrived reinforcers 
D) rewards 
A) natural reinforcers 
B) arbitrary reinforcers 
C) contrived reinforcers 
D) rewards

Question 2

Recording every instance of a particular behavior during a specified time segment is the definition of a(n)____________recording system.

Accepted Answer

A) interval 
B) time-sampling 
C) fixed-duration 
D) continuous 
A) interval 
B) time-sampling 
C) fixed-duration 
D) continuous

Question 3

A teenager frequently interrupts conversations between his parents.That's an example of a behavioral deficit.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

A behavioral technique in which a client rehearses particular behaviors in a practice setting to increase the likelihood that the client will follow those behaviors in the real world is called:

Accepted Answer

A) symbolic modeling 
B) generalized imitation 
C) role-playing 
D) participant modeling 
A) symbolic modeling 
B) generalized imitation 
C) role-playing 
D) participant modeling

Question 5

Evidence indicates that a treatment for depression with strong research support is:

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive restructuring 
B) behavioral activation 
C) Ellis's rational emotive therapy 
D) Meichenbaum's cognitive therapy 
A) cognitive restructuring 
B) behavioral activation 
C) Ellis's rational emotive therapy 
D) Meichenbaum's cognitive therapy

Question 6

The "right to effective treatment" position is that non-aversive methods for eliminating unacceptable behavior are always at least as effective as punishment, and that there is never any justification for using pain-inducing punishment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

A clear written statement of what behaviors of which individuals will produce what reinforcers and who will deliver those reinforcers defines:

Accepted Answer

A) mastery criterion 
B) a commitment to change 
C) a behavioral contract 
D) the Premack Principle 
A) mastery criterion 
B) a commitment to change 
C) a behavioral contract 
D) the Premack Principle

Question 8

CAPSI stands for Computer-Aided Personalized System of Instruction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Behavior modifiers made little use of the first three DSMs because:

Accepted Answer

A) they were based primarily on research rather than on Freud's theory 
B) individual disorders were based on categories of problem behaviors 
C) they used a multidimensional recording system 
D) they were based on Freud's theory of abnormal behavior 
A) they were based primarily on research rather than on Freud's theory 
B) individual disorders were based on categories of problem behaviors 
C) they used a multidimensional recording system 
D) they were based on Freud's theory of abnormal behavior

Question 10

Sport-specific behavioral checklists provide information for designing effective interventions for improving athletic performance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

In both VD and FD schedules, reinforcement is contingent on engaging in the behavior for a continuous time period.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of the following is not a characteristic of behavioral approaches to university teaching?

Accepted Answer

A) It identifies the instructional goals for a course in the form of study questions. 
B) It has frequent tests in which students are required to demonstrate their knowledge to the answers of study questions. 
C) Students are given detailed information at the beginning of a course about what is expected of them on tests and assignments to achieve various letter grades 
D) It emphasizes multiple-choice items and examinations as an objective scoring strategy ideally suited for large classes. 
A) It identifies the instructional goals for a course in the form of study questions. 
B) It has frequent tests in which students are required to demonstrate their knowledge to the answers of study questions. 
C) Students are given detailed information at the beginning of a course about what is expected of them on tests and assignments to achieve various letter grades 
D) It emphasizes multiple-choice items and examinations as an objective scoring strategy ideally suited for large classes.

Question 13

In Erin's program, the time on Facebook or YouTube are examples of:

Accepted Answer

A) tokens 
B) back-up reinforcers 
C) unconditioned reinforcers 
D) intrinsic reinforcers 
A) tokens 
B) back-up reinforcers 
C) unconditioned reinforcers 
D) intrinsic reinforcers

Question 14

A behavioral component of the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia is:

Accepted Answer

A) exposure to the feared stimuli 
B) thought-stopping 
C) self-instructional training 
D) reality checking 
A) exposure to the feared stimuli 
B) thought-stopping 
C) self-instructional training 
D) reality checking

Question 15

Which of the following is not commonly used in behavior modification research?

Accepted Answer

A) reversal-replication design 
B) multiple-baseline design across subjects 
C) control group design 
D) multiple-baseline design across behaviors 
A) reversal-replication design 
B) multiple-baseline design across subjects 
C) control group design 
D) multiple-baseline design across behaviors

Question 16

The terms positive reinforcement and reinforcement are often used interchangeably.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Animals can learn even though they are not able to verbalize an understanding or an awareness of their behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

If an individual exhibits a high frequency of certain behaviors, such as nailbiting, hair twirling, lip biting, etc., and seeks treatment for the problem, then the behavior would be referred to as a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) anxiety disorder 
B) habit disorder 
C) simple phobia 
D) panic disorder 
A) anxiety disorder 
B) habit disorder 
C) simple phobia 
D) panic disorder

Question 19

Unprogrammed reinforcers that occur in the normal course of everyday living are called arbitrary reinforcers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

During the 1950s, an individual who was instrumental in criticizing Freudian psychoanalysis and advocating learning procedures as alternatives was:

Accepted Answer

A) Eysenck 
B) Wolpe 
C) Skinner 
D) Keller 
A) Eysenck 
B) Wolpe 
C) Skinner 
D) Keller

Exam 31: Shaping and Schedules of Reinforcement: A Comprehensive Guide

Unprogrammed reinforcers that occur in the normal course of everyday living are called:

Recording every instance of a particular behavior during a specified time segment is the definition of a(n)____________recording system.

A teenager frequently interrupts conversations between his parents.That's an example of a behavioral deficit.

A behavioral technique in which a client rehearses particular behaviors in a practice setting to increase the likelihood that the client will follow those behaviors in the real world is called:

Evidence indicates that a treatment for depression with strong research support is:

The "right to effective treatment" position is that non-aversive methods for eliminating unacceptable behavior are always at least as effective as punishment, and that there is never any justification for using pain-inducing punishment.

A clear written statement of what behaviors of which individuals will produce what reinforcers and who will deliver those reinforcers defines:

CAPSI stands for Computer-Aided Personalized System of Instruction.

Behavior modifiers made little use of the first three DSMs because:

Sport-specific behavioral checklists provide information for designing effective interventions for improving athletic performance.

In both VD and FD schedules, reinforcement is contingent on engaging in the behavior for a continuous time period.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of behavioral approaches to university teaching?

In Erin's program, the time on Facebook or YouTube are examples of:

A behavioral component of the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia is:

Which of the following is not commonly used in behavior modification research?

The terms positive reinforcement and reinforcement are often used interchangeably.

Animals can learn even though they are not able to verbalize an understanding or an awareness of their behavior.

If an individual exhibits a high frequency of certain behaviors, such as nailbiting, hair twirling, lip biting, etc., and seeks treatment for the problem, then the behavior would be referred to as a(n):

Unprogrammed reinforcers that occur in the normal course of everyday living are called arbitrary reinforcers.

During the 1950s, an individual who was instrumental in criticizing Freudian psychoanalysis and advocating learning procedures as alternatives was:

Introduction

Areas of Application: an Overview

Respondent Classical, Pavlovian Conditioning of Reflexive Behavior

Increasing a Behavior With Positive Reinforcement

Increasing Behavior With Conditioned Reinforcement

Decreasing a Behavior With Operant Extinction

Getting a New Behavior to Occur With Shaping

Developing Behavioral Persistence With Schedules of Reinforcement

Responding at the Right Time and Place: Stimulus Discrimination and Stimulus Generalization

Changing the Stimulus Control of a Behavior With Fading

Getting a New Sequence of Behaviors to Occur With Behavior Chaining

Differential Reinforcement Procedures to Decrease Behavior

Decreasing Behavior With Punishment

Establishing Behavior by Escape and Avoidance Conditioning

Respondent and Operant Conditioning Together

Transferring Behavior to New Settings and Making It Last: Generality of Behavior Change

Antecedent Control: Rules and Goals

Antecedent Control: Modeling, Guidance, and Situational Inducement

Antecedent Control: Motivation

Behavioral Assessment: Initial Considerations

Direct Behavioral Assessment: What to Record and How

Doing Behavior Modification Research

Functional Assessment of Problem Behavior

Planning, Applying, and Evaluating a Behavioral Program

Token Economies

Helping an Individual to Develop Self-Control

Approaches to Behavior Therapy: Cognitive Restructuring; Self-Directed Coping Methods; and Mindfulness and Acceptance Procedures

Psychological Disorders Treated by Behavioral and Cognitive Behavioral Therapies

Giving It All Some Perspective: a Brief History

Ethical Issues

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