Question 1

Behavior modifiers deal only with observable behavior, and discount subjective events such as thoughts and feelings.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

An apple, a banana, and a grape are members of a stimulus-equivalence class called food.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Which of the following is not a potential problem of an extinction program?

Accepted Answer

A) The behavior may get worse before it gets better. 
B) The program may produce aggression by the person whose behavior is being extinguished. 
C) Spontaneous recovery may occur. 
D) Other reinforced behaviors will also decrease in frequency. 
A) The behavior may get worse before it gets better. 
B) The program may produce aggression by the person whose behavior is being extinguished. 
C) Spontaneous recovery may occur. 
D) Other reinforced behaviors will also decrease in frequency.

Question 4

The term "cognitive therapy" was used by ___________ to refer to strategies for recognizing maladaptive thinking and replacing it with adaptive thinking.

Accepted Answer

A) Beck 
B) Ellis 
C) Wolpe 
D) Skinner 
A) Beck 
B) Ellis 
C) Wolpe 
D) Skinner

Question 5

With a behavioral model of self-control, an individual must behave in some way that arranges the environment to manage his or her own subsequent behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Another name for escape conditioning is:

Accepted Answer

A) punishment 
B) negative reinforcement 
C) discriminated avoidance conditioning 
D) Sidman escape conditioning 
A) punishment 
B) negative reinforcement 
C) discriminated avoidance conditioning 
D) Sidman escape conditioning

Question 7

Who developed systematic desensitization?

Accepted Answer

A) Eysenck 
B) Beck 
C) Hull 
D) Wolpe 
A) Eysenck 
B) Beck 
C) Hull 
D) Wolpe

Question 8

Use of goals to influence performance capitalizes on rule-governed control over behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Catching a ride on a bus at a bus stop on a regular city route is probably reinforced on an approximation of an FI/LH schedule.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Fading is a gradual change on successive trials of a stimulus that controls a response, so that the response eventually occurs to a partially changed or completely new stimuli.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Suppose that a client, just before going to bed each night, feels very anxious about the possibility of someone breaking into the apartment.These thoughts are typically followed by checking the doors and windows several times to ensure that they are locked.This client
Is suffering from a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) personality disorder 
B) anxiety disorder 
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder 
D) simple phobia 
A) personality disorder 
B) anxiety disorder 
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder 
D) simple phobia

Question 12

Which of the following is not one of the steps proposed by Mager for clarifying a vague "fuzzy" goal?

Accepted Answer

A) Make a commitment to change. 
B) Write out the goal. 
C) Make a list of the things that you should say or do that clearly indicate that you've met the goal. 
D) Given a number of people with the same goal, indicate how you would decide who had met the goal and who hadn't. 
A) Make a commitment to change. 
B) Write out the goal. 
C) Make a list of the things that you should say or do that clearly indicate that you've met the goal. 
D) Given a number of people with the same goal, indicate how you would decide who had met the goal and who hadn't.

Question 13

In a_____ procedure, a distinct stimulus is presented prior to an opportunity for a response to occur and be followed by a reinforcement, and the next response cannot occur until another stimulus is presented, and so on.

Accepted Answer

A) free operant 
B) reinforcement 
C) discrete trials 
D) natural reinforcement 
A) free operant 
B) reinforcement 
C) discrete trials 
D) natural reinforcement

Question 14

The amount of agreement between independent observers on the occurrence of specific instances of a particular behavior is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A) independent reliability 
B) observer reliability 
C) independent observer reliability 
D) interobserver reliability 
A) independent reliability 
B) observer reliability 
C) independent observer reliability 
D) interobserver reliability

Question 15

A developmentally disabled child frequently shows a problem behavior even though it has no apparent effect on other individuals or the external environment.This is an indicator that the problem behavior is maintained by:

Accepted Answer

A) attention from others 
B) internal sensory reinforcement 
C) external sensory reinforcement 
D) escape from demands 
A) attention from others 
B) internal sensory reinforcement 
C) external sensory reinforcement 
D) escape from demands

Question 16

Shaping is a procedure that involves two basic principles, namely:

Accepted Answer

A) intermittent reinforcement and extinction 
B) continuous reinforcement and instructions 
C) positive reinforcement and extinction 
D) reinforcer sampling and Premack principle 
A) intermittent reinforcement and extinction 
B) continuous reinforcement and instructions 
C) positive reinforcement and extinction 
D) reinforcer sampling and Premack principle

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of overt behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) feelings of nervousness 
B) yelling at someone 
C) a boy on a date thinking, "I like this girl" 
D) imagining a beautiful sunset 
A) feelings of nervousness 
B) yelling at someone 
C) a boy on a date thinking, "I like this girl" 
D) imagining a beautiful sunset

Question 18

The first behavior therapy journal, founded in 1963 by Hans Eysenck, was called:

Accepted Answer

A) Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 
B) Behavior Research and Therapy 
C) Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 
D) Behavior Modification 
A) Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 
B) Behavior Research and Therapy 
C) Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 
D) Behavior Modification

Question 19

To increase an operant behavior, you can:

Accepted Answer

A) punish it 
B) negatively reinforce it 
C) withhold reinforcement following the behavior 
D) positively reinforce an incompatible behavior 
A) punish it 
B) negatively reinforce it 
C) withhold reinforcement following the behavior 
D) positively reinforce an incompatible behavior

Question 20

Response cost involves removal of a specified amount of a reinforcer contingent upon a response.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 31: Shaping and Schedules of Reinforcement: A Comprehensive Guide

Behavior modifiers deal only with observable behavior, and discount subjective events such as thoughts and feelings.

An apple, a banana, and a grape are members of a stimulus-equivalence class called food.

Which of the following is not a potential problem of an extinction program?

The term "cognitive therapy" was used by ___________ to refer to strategies for recognizing maladaptive thinking and replacing it with adaptive thinking.

With a behavioral model of self-control, an individual must behave in some way that arranges the environment to manage his or her own subsequent behavior.

Another name for escape conditioning is:

Who developed systematic desensitization?

Use of goals to influence performance capitalizes on rule-governed control over behavior.

Catching a ride on a bus at a bus stop on a regular city route is probably reinforced on an approximation of an FI/LH schedule.

Fading is a gradual change on successive trials of a stimulus that controls a response, so that the response eventually occurs to a partially changed or completely new stimuli.

Suppose that a client, just before going to bed each night, feels very anxious about the possibility of someone breaking into the apartment.These thoughts are typically followed by checking the doors and windows several times to ensure that they are locked.This client Is suffering from a(n):

Which of the following is not one of the steps proposed by Mager for clarifying a vague "fuzzy" goal?

In a_____ procedure, a distinct stimulus is presented prior to an opportunity for a response to occur and be followed by a reinforcement, and the next response cannot occur until another stimulus is presented, and so on.

The amount of agreement between independent observers on the occurrence of specific instances of a particular behavior is referred to as:

A developmentally disabled child frequently shows a problem behavior even though it has no apparent effect on other individuals or the external environment.This is an indicator that the problem behavior is maintained by:

Shaping is a procedure that involves two basic principles, namely:

Which of the following is an example of overt behavior?

The first behavior therapy journal, founded in 1963 by Hans Eysenck, was called:

To increase an operant behavior, you can:

Response cost involves removal of a specified amount of a reinforcer contingent upon a response.

Introduction

Areas of Application: an Overview

Respondent Classical, Pavlovian Conditioning of Reflexive Behavior

Increasing a Behavior With Positive Reinforcement

Increasing Behavior With Conditioned Reinforcement

Decreasing a Behavior With Operant Extinction

Getting a New Behavior to Occur With Shaping

Developing Behavioral Persistence With Schedules of Reinforcement

Responding at the Right Time and Place: Stimulus Discrimination and Stimulus Generalization

Changing the Stimulus Control of a Behavior With Fading

Getting a New Sequence of Behaviors to Occur With Behavior Chaining

Differential Reinforcement Procedures to Decrease Behavior

Decreasing Behavior With Punishment

Establishing Behavior by Escape and Avoidance Conditioning

Respondent and Operant Conditioning Together

Transferring Behavior to New Settings and Making It Last: Generality of Behavior Change

Antecedent Control: Rules and Goals

Antecedent Control: Modeling, Guidance, and Situational Inducement

Antecedent Control: Motivation

Behavioral Assessment: Initial Considerations

Direct Behavioral Assessment: What to Record and How

Doing Behavior Modification Research

Functional Assessment of Problem Behavior

Planning, Applying, and Evaluating a Behavioral Program

Token Economies

Helping an Individual to Develop Self-Control

Approaches to Behavior Therapy: Cognitive Restructuring; Self-Directed Coping Methods; and Mindfulness and Acceptance Procedures

Psychological Disorders Treated by Behavioral and Cognitive Behavioral Therapies

Giving It All Some Perspective: a Brief History

Ethical Issues

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